GK · Chapter 08

Capitals, Currencies and Languages

Continent-wise World Countries — Capital · Currency · Official Language

Asia Continent

Country	Capital	Currency	Language
India	New Delhi	Rupee	Hindi / English
Japan	Tokyo	Yen	Japanese
China	Beijing	Yuan (Renminbi)	Mandarin
South Korea	Seoul	Won	Korean
Israel	Jerusalem	Shekel	English / Hebrew
Iran	Tehran	Iranian Rial (IRR)	Persian
Iraq	Baghdad	Iraqi Dinar	Arabic
Saudi Arabia	Riyadh	Saudi Riyal	Arabic
Syria	Damascus	Syrian Pound	Arabic
Mauritius	Port Louis	Rupee	English / French / Bhojpuri / Hindi
Myanmar	Naypyidaw	Kyat	Burmese
Malaysia	Kuala Lumpur	Ringgit	Malay / Chinese (Mandarin)
Philippines	Manila	Peso	Filipino / English
Pakistan	Islamabad	Rupee	Urdu / Sindhi / Punjabi
Bangladesh	Dhaka	Taka	Bengali / Chakma
Afghanistan	Kabul	Afghani	Pashto / Persian
Bhutan	Thimphu	Ngultrum	Dzongkha / Nepali
Nepal	Kathmandu	Nepalese Rupee	Nepali
Maldives	Malé	Maldivian Rufiyaa	Dhivehi
Sri Lanka	Colombo	Rupee	Sinhalese / Tamil

⚠ EXAM TRAP Multiple Asian countries use "Rupee" as currency name — India, Pakistan, Nepal (Nepalese Rupee), Sri Lanka, Mauritius. Don't assume "Rupee" always means Indian Rupee in a mixed-country question.

Europe Continent

Country	Capital	Currency	Language
Russia	Moscow	Ruble	Russian
Germany	Berlin	Euro	German
France	Paris	Euro	French
UK	London	Sterling Pound	English
Italy	Rome	Euro	Italian
Ukraine	Kyiv	Hryvnia	Ukrainian
Belarus	Minsk	Ruble	Belarusian
Netherlands	Amsterdam	Euro	Dutch
Norway	Oslo	Krone	Norwegian
Belgium	Brussels	Euro	Dutch / French / German
Denmark	Copenhagen	Danish Krone	Danish
Spain	Madrid	Euro	Spanish (Castilian)

⚡ QUICK RECALL Most Western European countries use the Euro (Germany, France, Italy, Netherlands, Belgium, Spain). UK, Russia, Norway, Denmark, Ukraine, Belarus DON'T use the Euro — remember the exceptions.

Africa Continent

Country	Capital	Currency	Language
Sudan	Khartoum	Sudanese Pound	Arabic
Morocco	Rabat	Moroccan Dirham	Arabic / Moroccan Berber
South Sudan	Juba	South Sudanese Pound	English
Nigeria	Abuja	Nigerian Naira	English
Algeria	Algiers	Algerian Dinar	Arabic / Berber
Egypt	Cairo	Egyptian Pound	Arabic
Libya	Tripoli	Libyan Dinar	Arabic

⚠ EXAM TRAP Sudan and South Sudan are separate countries (split in 2011) with different capitals — Khartoum (Sudan) vs Juba (South Sudan). Frequently confused as one nation.

North America

Country	Capital	Currency	Language
USA	Washington D.C.	Dollar	English
Canada	Ottawa	Canadian Dollar	English / French
Mexico	Mexico City	Mexican Peso	Spanish

South America

Country	Capital	Currency	Language
Argentina	Buenos Aires	Argentine Peso	Spanish
Chile	Santiago	Chilean Peso	Spanish
Venezuela	Caracas	Bolívar	Spanish
Colombia	Bogotá	Colombian Peso	Spanish
Brazil	Brasília	Real	Portuguese / English
Peru	Lima	Sol	Spanish

⚡ QUICK RECALL Brazil is the odd one out in South America — its official language is Portuguese, while nearly every other South American country speaks Spanish.

Australia / Oceania Continent

Country	Capital	Currency	Language
Australia	Canberra	Australian Dollar	English
New Zealand	Wellington	New Zealand Dollar	English / Māori

⚠ EXAM TRAP Canberra, not Sydney, is Australia's capital — Sydney is only the largest and most well-known city, a very common trap in GK exams.

Quick Reference — All Countries (A–Z)

Country	Capital	Currency	Language
Afghanistan	Kabul	Afghani	Pashto / Persian
Algeria	Algiers	Algerian Dinar	Arabic / Berber
Argentina	Buenos Aires	Argentine Peso	Spanish
Australia	Canberra	Australian Dollar	English
Bangladesh	Dhaka	Taka	Bengali / Chakma
Belarus	Minsk	Ruble	Belarusian
Belgium	Brussels	Euro	Dutch / French / German
Bhutan	Thimphu	Ngultrum	Dzongkha / Nepali
Brazil	Brasília	Real	Portuguese / English
Canada	Ottawa	Canadian Dollar	English / French
Chile	Santiago	Chilean Peso	Spanish
China	Beijing	Yuan (Renminbi)	Mandarin
Colombia	Bogotá	Colombian Peso	Spanish
Denmark	Copenhagen	Danish Krone	Danish
Egypt	Cairo	Egyptian Pound	Arabic
France	Paris	Euro	French
Germany	Berlin	Euro	German
India	New Delhi	Rupee	Hindi / English
Iran	Tehran	Iranian Rial (IRR)	Persian
Iraq	Baghdad	Iraqi Dinar	Arabic
Israel	Jerusalem	Shekel	English / Hebrew
Italy	Rome	Euro	Italian
Japan	Tokyo	Yen	Japanese
Libya	Tripoli	Libyan Dinar	Arabic
Malaysia	Kuala Lumpur	Ringgit	Malay / Chinese (Mandarin)
Maldives	Malé	Maldivian Rufiyaa	Dhivehi
Mauritius	Port Louis	Rupee	English / French / Bhojpuri / Hindi
Mexico	Mexico City	Mexican Peso	Spanish
Morocco	Rabat	Moroccan Dirham	Arabic / Moroccan Berber
Myanmar	Naypyidaw	Kyat	Burmese
Nepal	Kathmandu	Nepalese Rupee	Nepali
Netherlands	Amsterdam	Euro	Dutch
New Zealand	Wellington	New Zealand Dollar	English / Māori
Nigeria	Abuja	Nigerian Naira	English
Norway	Oslo	Krone	Norwegian
Pakistan	Islamabad	Rupee	Urdu / Sindhi / Punjabi
Peru	Lima	Sol	Spanish
Philippines	Manila	Peso	Filipino / English
Russia	Moscow	Ruble	Russian
Saudi Arabia	Riyadh	Saudi Riyal	Arabic
South Korea	Seoul	Won	Korean
South Sudan	Juba	South Sudanese Pound	English
Spain	Madrid	Euro	Spanish (Castilian)
Sri Lanka	Colombo	Rupee	Sinhalese / Tamil
Sudan	Khartoum	Sudanese Pound	Arabic
Syria	Damascus	Syrian Pound	Arabic
UK	London	Sterling Pound	English
Ukraine	Kyiv	Hryvnia	Ukrainian
USA	Washington D.C.	Dollar	English
Venezuela	Caracas	Bolívar	Spanish